Physiotherapy for osteochondrosis, depending on the patient's condition, is used both in combination with drug therapy, and independently. For osteochondrosis, the following types of physiotherapy are used: Laser Therapy, Detensor Therapy, Electrotherapy, Shock Wave Therapy, Magnetotherapy, Clay and Balneotherapy, Ultrasound Therapy, Ultraviolet Radiation (UFO). After successfully alleviating the deterioration, massage exercises and physiotherapy are indicated.
UFO:under the influence of UVA, vitamin D is formed in the skin, which helps in the absorption of calcium. The method is performed using radiators that have bactericidal, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects.
Ultrasound therapy and phonophoresis:during ultrasound therapy, the body is exposed to high frequency sounds (from 20 kHz or more). Due to its effect, the method relieves pain of different localization. This method is combined with the introduction of anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs (ultraphonophoresis) for their better penetration into the affected tissues.
Shock wave therapy:the method consists in transmitting an acoustic wave to a painful area of the body. This type: eliminates pain, improves microcirculation, improves metabolism.
Detentent therapy:the method consists of stretching the spine using the patient's body weight.
Laser therapy:the method has a healing effect using helium-neon laser. Due to the activation of bioelectrical processes in the tissues of the nervous system, laser therapy has anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. Laser radiation is performed along the glowing roots of the spine. With osteochondrosis, an effect is used on the paravertebral areas of the affected spine.
Electrotherapy:Electrotherapy has a multifaceted effect on the body: eliminates pain and discomfort, improves nutrition and trophism of affected tissues. Impulsive currents have a very effective therapeutic effect. Their mechanism of action in the body is determined by the effect on nerve receptors. Low frequency impulses contribute to the disappearance of acute pain and are described as first aid for severe pain syndrome. The following types of currents are used: diadynamic therapy (DDT), amplitude therapy (SMT), intervention therapy, transcutaneous electrical neurostimulation (TENS), UHF electric field.
Magnetotherapy:Physiotherapy for osteochondrosis involves the use of magnetotherapy, which has a decongestant, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic effect. The inductors are placed on the affected spine and limbs.
Balneotherapy and mud therapy:balneotherapy for osteochondrosis consists of the use of mineral waters (local, general baths, swimming pools, showers) for the purpose of treatment and rehabilitation. During the procedure, minerals penetrate the skin and act on receptors and nerve centers.
When treated with mud, the effect on the body occurs under the influence of temperature and the chemical composition of the healing mud. Clay is used in the form of applications.
Balneotherapy stimulates metabolism, improves blood circulation and relieves inflammation and pain.
Combined physiotherapy methods: Combined physiotherapy methods for osteochondrosis are most often described. For example, with severe pain, diadynamic therapy and electrophoresis (diadinamophoresis) using novocaine are used. For a one-step effect on biologically active points, the puncture-acupuncture-laser method is used. Its action is to activate the points with acupuncture needles and laser radiation.
Mud therapy is often used with electrotherapy (mud solution electrophoresis, mud induction, galvanic mud therapy).
Joint treatment
All joint diseases can be divided into two main groups - joint lesions, which arise from metabolic disorders and inflammation of the joints. Of course, in each case, the joint treatment is carried out according to its own specific program.
Joint treatment,whether arthritis, osteoarthritis, rheumatism or other disease, it must necessarily be complex and the main task to be solved by treatment is to eliminate the cause of the disease and, consequently, the painful symptoms.
Treatment with modern techniques aims to eliminate or minimize pain, signs of local or general inflammation, and restore affected joints. Complex treatment usually begins with drug therapy.
The patient is prescribed pain relievers and anti-inflammatory drugs, drugs that help restore the cartilage of the article, strengthen the immune system. Joint treatment at this stage can relieve the symptoms of pain. Often it involves the intra-articular administration of drugs so that the therapeutic substance at the desired concentration is introduced directly into the cavity of the diseased joint. This increases the effectiveness of medication treatment.
Further, when the main symptoms of the acute phase are safely eliminated, treatment continues with the help of a complex of physiotherapeutic procedures, exercise therapy exercises, massage. In particular, the treatment of joints with physiotherapeutic methods has found very wide application today.
Pulse currents (DDT, SMT), magnetotherapy, EHF therapy, laser therapy, electrophoresis with medical substances, ultrasound and phonophoresis are used. When the deterioration subsides, balneotherapy (different types of baths) and mud therapy are associated. Physiotherapy and massage are prescribed.
Treatment of back pain
There are many reasons for these pains. First of all, excruciating pain can appear due to a hernia (extension) of the intervertebral disc, osteochondrosis and pathology of the nervous system. Most often, back pain occurs in those people who have been in the same position for a long time.
And yet the most common reason is lack of physical activity! This reduces blood flow to the ligaments, joints and intervertebral discs, causing the cartilage that forms them to begin to break down. It is the weakening of the ligament apparatus that is the cause of all back diseases. When pain appears, you should immediately consult a doctor who will determine its cause, establish the correct diagnosis and prescribe treatment.
In order to reduce the risk of back pain, you need to move more, monitor your weight and do at least minimal gymnastics (15 minutes a day is enough).
Proper nutrition is also very important - it is one of the keys to good health and longevity, and the spine needs protein to maintain flexibility and calcium for strength. Calcium is found in large amounts in hard cheese, liver, nuts, cottage cheese, eggs and protein in meat and dairy products. The bones and ligaments of the spine also need trace elements: phosphorus (abundant in bran, peas, fish), magnesium and manganese (found in seafood, onions, potatoes), as well as fatty acids - their source are nuts, fishfatty sea and olive oil.
When back pain worsens, treatment begins with medication - usually pain relievers, diuretics, and medications that relieve muscle spasms. However, there are no medications without side effects, they are used only for a limited time and most importantly, they do not eliminate the cause of the back pain and do not prevent the disease from coming back. In the acute period, treatment methods such as traction are also used, as well as the wearing of collars and corsets, which makes it possible to relieve the diseased spine.
In addition to emergency medicines - medicines that relieve muscle spasms and pain, the most important treatment for osteochondrosis is physiotherapy, which helps reduce pain in the acute period of the disease, improve blood circulation to the tissues, prevent ligament malnutrition, muscles and joints and prevent movement disorders.
Modern physiotherapy is a branch of medicine that has a powerful arsenal of treatment tools; two large blocks are distinguished in it - physiotherapy exercises with massage and electrotherapy. Therapeutic massage is one of the most effective methods of treating osteochondrosis and back pain, as it improves blood circulation to deep tissues and removes muscle blocks ("piles"), which are the main cause of severe pain.
One of the most effective methods of electrotherapy is drug electrophoresis - it is a means of deliberate delivery of drugs to a diseased organ, which improves the blood supply to tissues.
Impulse currents - DDT, SMT - have a pronounced analgesic, antispasmodic and trophic effect. Also, a laser, a magnetic laser is used to treat back pain. This method allows you to quickly relieve the inflammation associated with inflammation, and, accordingly, the pain that occurs in edematous and compressed tissues.
Magnetotherapy is used in the form of permanent or alternating magnetic fields, it is also able to quickly stop swelling and pain.
D'arsonval currents are effective - these are "ozonated" currents used to relieve painful muscle spasms, high-frequency ultrasonic vibrations that eliminate inflammation and help wounds heal, increasing tissue elasticity.
Physiotherapy plays a special role in physiotherapy. Its importance is often underestimated, and after all, without a complete muscle corset, it is impossible to cure back pain and prevent recurrence of osteochondrosis.
Physiotherapy has a special significance in trauma and in the postoperative period. Its use will help prevent the recurrence of back pain that occurs due to so-called "motor stereotypes". For example, an office worker who spends his entire working day sitting at a computer, or a salesman, whose main workload falls on his feet. Gymnastics, yoga, Pilates and other common types of exercises to improve health can also become a very effective way to combat "motor automatisms".
Treatment of neck pain
Pain can be caused by a variety of reasons, ranging from muscle spasms to disc herniations in the cervical spine. If the neck pain appears once (due to a sharp turn of the head, an uncomfortable behavior during sleep), then it is very likely that it will disappear on its own in a few days.
To reduce the pain, you just need to reduce the static load on the neck muscles (do not keep your head tilted for a long period of time), do not deal with excessive physical strain, do not make sudden neck movements.
If the neck pain is constant or often recurrent, accompanied by headaches, numbness of the upper limbs, it is necessary to undergo a thorough examination.
Neck pain physiotherapy aims to alleviate pain syndrome, improve blood circulation and microcirculation in the affected segment, provide anti-inflammatory and anti-edema effects, eliminate metabolic and dystrophic disorders, and reduce movement disorders.
Physical factors are used in the stages of hospital treatment and outpatient treatment after the patient is discharged from the hospital, as well as in early rehabilitation after surgery. In the acute period: after 4-5 days (as the severity of the process decreases), laser therapy, pulsed current (SMT, DDT, interference current), magnetotherapy, UFO of the segmental area, darsonvalization of the cervical area of the spine area andoccipital region of the head, electrophoresis of substances prescribed local anesthetic, blocking action of ganglia in areas of pain.
In the subacute period: drug phonophoresis, magnetotherapy, electrophoresis of drugs, microwave electromagnetic fields (SMV, UHF), laser therapy are used.
In the remission phase: thermotherapy is related, including ozokerite and mud therapy for the cervical area, balneotherapy (iodine-bromine, turpentine baths, laurel baths, bischofite baths), underwater massage, therapeutic massage.
Treatment of low back pain
The feeling of pain in the lower back appears due to an imbalance of the musculoskeletal apparatus. In this case, soft tissue microtrauma occurs, as a result of which chemical irritants (pain mediators) are released excessively. They cause muscle spasms and back pain.
The origin of lumbodinia is mainly associated with osteochondrosis, which is localized in the lumbar region. Lumbodynia is characterized by pain in the lower back with moderate or traumatic factors of lumbodynia: physical fatigue, systematic or excessive physical exertion; sharp movements; continuous work in a "non-physiological" position or prolonged in an uncomfortable position; bruising in the lower back, hypothermia, cold, etc.
The low back pain treatment program includes the following key points:
- Bed rest for eight to ten days. At the same time, the bed should be flat and firm. "Resting" on such a surface allows the back muscles to relax.
- Medical treatment of lumbago includes the use of sedatives and pain relievers and the use of novocaine blockers (with severe growing pain).
From physiotherapy methods, you can use electrophoresis of analgesics, pulsed currents, ultraviolet radiation of segmental areas. In an acute period, the patient may be prescribed non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the form of tablets, injections, suppositories or oils that relieve muscle spasm. Warming creams can be used only during the rehabilitation period (on the third day of deterioration). In the acute period, they can provoke swelling and increase pain.
- After eliminating the acute pain, the treatment of lumbago continues with the help of exercise therapy, massage and manual therapy.
The main task at this stage is to strengthen the muscular corset and reduce the pressure on the nerve roots. Special exercises for the lumbago help normalize metabolism, improve blood circulation and nutrition of the intervertebral discs, relieve muscle tension, increase the intervertebral space and relax the spine.
Furthermore, in the remission phase, acupuncture, hydromassage, mineral baths, mud therapy, and other physiotherapy are prescribed (see Treatment of Back Pain). Thanks to this, blood circulation is improved, an anti-inflammatory and resorptive effect is provided.
Physiotherapy treatment
Physiotherapy (from the Greek fizis - nature and therapy), a branch of medicine that studies the healing properties of physical factors and develops methods for their use for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes. In modern physiotherapy, low, high, ultra high and ultra high magnetic, electric and electromagnetic fields, artificial light radiation (from infrared to ultraviolet and monochromatic coherence), mechanical vibrations (from infrasonic to ultrasonic) are used. ), etc.
Physical factors have influenced humans throughout its evolution, so physiotherapy procedures have a greater physiological effect on the body than many drugs.
Physiotherapy treatment can be used both independently and in combination with drug therapy, manual therapy, massage, physiotherapy exercises. The variety of factors and techniques used in physiotherapy determines the possibilities of individual impact on the body and the intended impact on the pathological process without negative side effects.
The use of physiotherapy is possible in almost all fields of medicine: otolaryngology, gastroenterology, gynecology, urology, pulmonology, orthopedics and traumatology, neurology, surgery, cardiology and others.
There is a very wide range of physiotherapeutic treatment, namely mud therapy, hydrotherapy (various mineral and aromatic baths, underwater massage), magnetotherapy, laser therapy, different types of currents (galvanic, pulse, high frequency), electromagnetic waves UHF, microwave, EHF, medicinal plants by inhalation, halotherapy, vibration traction apparatus, physiotherapy room, qualified massage staff.
Also in the department of physical methods of treatment, therapeutic methods of acupuncture, electrical stimulation for various neurological diseases are performed. The whole physiotherapy treatment is prescribed by the physiotherapist of the department, taking into account the disease and the general condition of the patient.
reHabiLitatiON
Medical rehabilitation is a complex of therapeutic and prophylactic measures, which aims at the maximum possible restoration of the patient's lost abilities after various diseases.
Rehabilitation also aims to restore the patient's muscular strength, as well as prevent recurrence or complications. Today, medical rehabilitation is not just about prescribing any type of exercise after discharge from the hospital or a physiotherapy course at the end of the hospitalization period.
Rehabilitation is a complex of activities that involve the participation of doctors from different fields - physiotherapists, massage therapists, psychologists, speech therapists and others. As a result, it is the complex rehabilitation that allows the patient to recover completely, and not partially. The success of treatment depends on both the correct diagnosis and the optimally chosen and performed treatment, as well as on the correct and timely rehabilitation of the patient.
Rehabilitation has a single purpose - the most complete restoration of lost functions in the patient, based on the existing consequences of the injury or disease and the treatment performed.
Depending on the area of application, rehabilitation can be: Orthopedic - performed after injuries and surgeries for diseases of the musculoskeletal system, fractures, spinal malformations and behavioral disorders. Neurological and neurosurgical is one of the most serious types of rehabilitation, as the largest number of specialists are involved in its implementation - neurologists, physiotherapists, massage therapists, psychologists and psychiatrists, speech therapists, occupational therapists, etc.
This rehabilitation is required after injuries and operations on the nervous system (brain, spinal cord), with diseases of the peripheral nervous system (nerve bundles), stroke, paresis and paralysis. Cardiac rehabilitation - rehabilitation after an acute heart attack, with cardiovascular disease.
The purpose of rehabilitation is the rapid regeneration of muscles with their atrophies accompanied by prolonged physical inactivity, in order to restore the strength and tone of the limb, to restore the full range of motion in the joints after immobilization (after fractures), to acceleratecartilage tissue regeneration, improvement of organ and bone tissue trophism, increased adhesion mobility in the abdominal cavity after abdominal operations, increase of the patient's general tone and improvement of the psycho-emotional state, relief of pain and swelling after injuriesof joints, restoration of physical activity after strokes, paresis and paralysis, as well as in the postoperative period in patients after operations associated with disease and damage to the musculoskeletal system (after injuries, fractures, bruises and sprains).
It is worth noting that the rehabilitation process itself is based on stimulating the patient's own abilities under external influence. Physical exercises, modern equipment help stimulate local and general immunity, improve tissue repair processes, restore blood and lymph circulation.
Methods of medical rehabilitation include the following methods: improvement gymnastics, massage, kinesitherapy, physiotherapeutic treatment, manual therapy, electromostimulation (consists of improving the conduction of nerve impulses to skeletal muscles), psychological help, speech therapy.
It should be noted that one of the main points in any rehabilitation is physiotherapeutic methods, which aim to restore lost functions and stimulate movements in the patient, accelerate repair processes in tissues and organs, especially in the musculoskeletal system, nervous system and circulatory system. of blood.
One of the advantages of physiotherapy methods is that they do not use drugs, which means that there is no risk of allergic reactions and side effects, drug dependence does not develop and the treatment methods used are usually not invasive.
A correctly chosen rehabilitation program complex will help the patient recover as soon as possible after an illness, injury or surgery, return to him a sense of freedom of movement and the ability to communicatewith the people around him without any restrictions.